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.\"	Sccsid @(#)mail.1	1.12 (gritter) 7/3/05
.\"	from binmail.1	6.1 (Berkeley) 4/29/85
.\"
.TH MAIL 1 "7/3/05" "Heirloom Toolchest" "User Commands"
.AT 3
.SH NAME
mail \- send or receive mail among users
.SH SYNOPSIS
\fBmail\fR [\fB\-ehpPqr\fR] [\fB\-f\fI\ file\fR]
.br
\fBmail\fR [\fB\-tw\fR] \fIperson\fR ...
.LP
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
.I mail
with no argument prints a user's mail, message-by-message,
in last-in, first-out order.
For each message, it reads a line from the standard input
to direct disposition of the message.
.TP
newline
Go on to next message.
.TP
.I number
Display the message with the given
.IR number .
.TP
.B \-
Print the previous message.
.TP
.B +
Print the next message without deleting the current one.
.TP
.BI ! command
Execute the given
.I command
in the shell.
.TP
.B a
Check for newly read mail,
position the current message accordingly
and print it.
.TP
\fBd\fI number\fP
Delete the message with the given
.IR number .
The default is the current message.
.TP
.B dp
Delete the current message and display the next one.
.TP
.B dq
Delete the current message and exit.
.TP
.B h a
Display a header summary of all messages.
.TP
.B h d
Display a header summary of the messages scheduled for deletion.
.TP
\fBh\fI number\fP
Display a header summary around the given
.IR number .
The default is the current message.
.TP
\fBm\fI user\fP
Mail the current message to
.I user
and delete it.
.TP
.B n
Display the next message without deleting the current one.
.TP
.B p
Print the current message
and override all warnings about binary content.
.TP
.B P
Print the current message
including all header fields.
.TP
.B q
Quit.
.TP
\fBr\fR [\fIargs\fR]
Reply to the current letter using
\fImail\fR [\fIargs\fR]
and delete it afterwards.
.TP
\fBs\fR [\fIfiles\fR]
Save the current message to the given
.I files
(default
.IR mbox )
and delete it.
.TP
\fBu\fR [\fInumber\fR]
Undelete the message with the given
.I number
(or the current message).
.TP
\fBw\fR [\fIfiles\fR]
Save the current message to the given
.I files
(default
.IR mbox )
without the message header
and delete it.
.TP
.B x
Exit without actually deleting any messages.
.TP
*
Print a command summary.
.PP
When
.I persons
are named,
.I mail
takes the standard input up to an end-of-file (or a line with just `.')
and adds it to each
.I person's
`mail' file.  The message is preceded by the sender's name and a postmark.
Lines that look like postmarks are prepended with `>'.  A
.I person
is either a user name recognized by
.IR  login (1),
an internet address (see
.IR mailaddr (7),
or a recipient on a UUCP remote system, with the login name prefixed 
by the system name and exclamation mark (see
.IR uucp (1C)).
.PP
The
.B \-e
option checks for the existence of mail only
and causes
.B mail
to exit successfully if mail is present.
.PP
The
.B \-f
option causes the named file, for example, `mbox',
to be printed as if it were the mail file.
.PP
When invoked with the
.B \-h
option,
.I mail
will display a header summary when starting
and will then prompt for commands.
.PP
With
\fB\-m\ \fImessage_type\fR,
a `Message-Type:' header field with the given value
.I message_type
is created.
This field is solely for informational purposes
and has no technical meaning in the Internet mail system.
.PP
The
.B \-p
option causes all messages to be printed
without prompting for disposition.
.PP
With the
.B \-P
option given,
all header fields are printed by default.
.PP
An interrupt normally terminates the 
.I mail
command; the mail file is unchanged.
The
.B \-q
option tells
.I mail
to continue after interrupts.
.PP
The
.B \-r
option displays the mail messages in first-in, first-out order.
.PP
The
.B \-t
option causes a `To:' header field to be created
with the names of all recipients.
.PP
With the
.B \-w
option,
.I mail
does not wait until the mail transfer agent finishes execution
when a message is sent.
.PP
When a user logs in he is informed of the presence of mail.
.SH FILES
.\".ta \w'/var/mail/*.lock 'u
.TP
.B /etc/passwd
to identify sender and locate persons
.\".li
.TP
.B /var/mail/*
incoming mail for user *
.TP
.B mbox	
saved mail
.TP
.B /tmp/ma*
temp file
.TP
.B /var/mail/*.lock
lock for mail directory
.TP
.B dead.letter
unmailable text
.SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
.TP
.BR LANG ", " LC_ALL
See
.IR locale (7).
.TP
.B LC_CTYPE
Determines the set of printable characters
when deciding whether a message is text or not.
.TP
.B MAIL
User's mail file.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
mailx(1),
write(1),
mailaddr(7)
.SH NOTES
Race conditions sometimes result in a failure to remove a lock file.
.PP
The
.I mail
command is restricted to text messages in the current locale.
It does not support the MIME specification.
For message exchange on the Internet,
.I mail
is thus effectively restricted to ASCII text messages.